大学生生命认知和生命价值取向的发展特点

The Developmental Features of Undergraduates' Life Cognition and Value Orientation Towards Life

在生命教育的社会背景下,以上海四所高校的一年级和三年级的812名在校本科生为研究对象,运用造句和模拟遗书等投射方式,并结合小组访谈等形式,旨在测查大学生对生命过程与死亡现象的认知特征,及对生命意义的价值取向,以此探究当代大学生的生命认知和生命价值取向的发展特点。结果发现:(1)当代大学生对生命的认知以表达态度为主,具有积极向上、珍爱生命的特点;对死亡的认知侧重概括其本质特点;(2)总体来看,女生比男生对生命过程和死亡现象的认知更为积极,体悟更深;(3)在生命价值取向方面,当代大学生更多地表现出关顾他人的价值取向,并伴有强烈的家庭责任意识。

Faced with a fierce competition in the metropolis,the whole society is largely concerned about college students＇ attitudes and value orientation towards life and death,and life education plays a great important role in undergraduates＇ plans.In such a context, research on college students＇ life cognition and value orientation is of great realistic and theoretical significance.Life cognition is an overall understanding of the process of life and death,and psychological quality evolving with age.On the basis of life cognition,value orientation towards life is an individual＇s fundamental views and attitudes concerning the value of life,the meaning of life,ideals and goals in life and a series of issues closely related with the existence of life. In the social context of life education,1062 undergraduates of grades one and three from four schools in Shanghai,were recruited and participated in the projecting principle,including syntax tests and simulated situations,such as using ＂life＂ and ＂death＂ to finish sentences,writing a farewell composition to express the protagonist＇s emotion and mind（it described a fireman who did his or her duty, but would face the loss of his or her life.）,their knowledge,feelings and value orientation towards life,in order to explore the developmental features of undergraduate＇s cognition on life and death,and to conclude the characteristics of their value orientation towards life. Actually,we got 812 valid subjects,and the recovery rate was 76.50%,in which 749 were syntax tests,and 695 were simulated situation. The results showed that（1）College students＇ knowledge about life was characterized by attitude-expressing cognition.And the expressions had positive and cherishing features towards life.However,knowledge about death was found to be characterized by the abstract, and college students intended to use neutral,conceptual and simple words to describe the meaning of death.Furthermore,females showed more deeply and variedly than males in terms of life and death.（2） In the characteristics of value orientation towards life, undergraduates emphasized interpersonal relationship.Their actor would be inclined to love and to be responsible to their family.