摘要
本研究通过对269名在校大学生进行父母教养方式、情绪调节策略的使用、男性化特质和焦虑水平的测查,探讨了父母教养方式对子女焦虑产生影响的可能机制。结果发现,研究建构的模型对焦虑的整体解释率为26%。父母教养方式主要通过三种途径影响子女焦虑:(1)直接对子女焦虑产生影响;(2)以灾难化和积极重评这两种情绪调节策略为中介,间接影响子女焦虑;(3)促成子女男性化特质的形成,该特质通过积极重评策略的完全中介作用,间接影响子女焦虑。
Literature shows parenting styles are consistently associated with a child's later anxiety.However,the underlying mechanisms linking parenting styles and child anxiety are less known.Some evidences indicated that parenting styles would potentially influence a child's cognitive coping strategies and sex role orientation,which would in turn affect the symptoms of anxiety.The present study aimed to evaluate a mediational model of anxiety in college samples in China.We hypothesized that cognitive emotion regulation strategies(e.g.catastrophizing and positive reappraisal),as well as sex role orientation(e.g.masculinity),would act as potential mediators between parenting and child anxiety. Short-form Egna Minnen Betraffende Upfostran(s-EMBU),the Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C),Bern Sex Role Inventory(BSRI) and self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) were administered to 269 college students(132 males;M=20.6,SD=1.22) to test their retrospective parenting styles,sex role orientation,cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and self reporting symptoms of anxiety respectively.All the questionnaires were translated into Chinese and had good internal reliability in this study.A principle component analysis was carried out of the mother's and father' s scales of s-EMBU,yielding two higher-order factors(i.e.namely control and care) explaining 71.7%of the total variance.The first factor(control) explained 38.7%of the variance and had high to very high loadings on overprotection and rejection.The second factor(care) explained 33%of the variance and had very high loadings on emotional warmth. We used Amos 4.0 to evaluate the hypothesized model.The results suggested a superior fitness of the model(x^2(6)=15.103,p =.019,IFI=.962,CFI=.960,RMSEA=.075) and it explained 26%of the variance of child's anxiety.Parenting styles influence child's later anxiety through the following three ways:(1) Direct effect:control style and care style can negatively and positively predict a child's later anxiety,respectively.(2) Cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a mediating role:control style promotes the using of the catastrophizing strategy,which is a significant positive predictor of anxiety symptoms;whereas care style can reduce the using of catastrophizing strategy and increase the using of the positive reappraisal strategy simultaneously,and then in turn negatively predicts anxiety symptoms.(3) Masculinity and positive reappraisal cooperate as mediators:the care parenting style contributes to shaping masculinity,which indirectly influences anxiety via the complete mediation of positive reappraisal strategies. The present study outlined a mediational role of cognitive and personality factors between parenting styles and child's later anxiety. On the one hand,parenting styles are important to a child's anxiety development,and different parenting styles influence a child's anxiety in different ways.On the other hand,there exists a complicated relationship within personality,cognitive factors and mental disorders. It suggests the need for further research and theory development of the models of effects of parenting styles and behavior on child anxiety.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第6期1390-1396,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
关键词
父母教养方式
焦虑
情绪调节
性别角色
parenting style
anxiety
cognitive emotion regulation
sex role