改水改厕在云南鹤庆县血吸虫病控制中的作用

Effect of management of excrement and drinking water in control of schistosomiasis in Heqing County of Yunnan province

目的总结云南鹤庆县血吸虫病流行区开展粪水管理工作取得的经验和成绩。方法收集鹤庆县1954～2009年不同时期在血吸虫病防治过程中开展粪水管理的情况和分析收到效果。结果鹤庆县血吸虫病流行地区在粪便管理上经历了由"简易厕所"到"卫生厕所"再到无害化卫生厕所和沼气厕所的过程,在饮用水安全管理上经历了使用井水、土自来水到使用自来水的历程。1954～1991年血吸虫病人群感染率由1955年的50.66%降为1991年的1.10%,血吸虫病家畜感染率由1958年的8.98%降为1991年的0.11%。1999年血吸虫病人群感染率降为0.40%,2000年血吸虫病家畜感染率为0.13%。2001～2009年进一步推广了无害化卫生厕所、沼气池和自来水的建设,全县疫情明显下降,2009年血吸虫病人群感染率降为0.03%,血吸虫病家畜感染率降为0.05%。结论鹤庆县在血吸虫病防治过程中,重视粪水管理工作,通过管粪、管水,降低了血吸虫对人畜的感染和危害,对控制和阻断血吸虫病传播发挥了积极的作用。在今后的工作中应进一步开展广泛宣传,提高广大人民群众对改水改厕工作的认识,充分调动其积极性,激发了他们的参与热情,加快血吸虫病的防治进程。

Objective To summarize experience and achievement in schistosomiasis control by management of excrement and drinking water in Heqing county of Yunnan.Methods The data of management of excrement and drinking water were collected and the effect in control of schistosomiasis in Heqing County between 1954 to 2009 was analyzed.Results After management of exretment and drinking water by construction of sanitary toilets and supply safe water in Heqing county with support of World Bank＇s loan the infection rate of schistosome reduced from 50.66% in 1955 to 1.10% in 1991 and further reduced to 0.40% in 1999 and 0.03% in 2009.The infection rate of schistosome in raised livestock reduced from 8.98% in 1958 to 0.11% in 1991 and further reduced to 0.13% in 2000 and 0.05% in 2009.Conclusion The practice of management of excretment and construction of sanitary toilet and supply of sanitary drinking water could effectively reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis in human and raised livestocks.