美国载人航天商业运输的发展

Development of American Human Spaceflight Commercial Transportation

研究了美国载人航天商业运输的发展现状和趋势。美国在取消星座计划之后,实施商业乘员和货物项目,将依靠商业运输器实现"国际空间站"的乘员和货物运输,以缩短"后航天飞机"时代(航天飞机退役后)运输的断档期。美国商业乘员和货物项目包括商业轨道运输服务(COTS)计划、商业再补给服务(CRS)计划和商业乘员开发(CCDev)计划,其最大的优势是成本低,且部分航天器可重复使用。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将实施有力的监管,确保商业运输器的安全。商业运输器发展前景乐观,将成为"国际空间站"重要的运输工具。

After canceling Constellation program,to transport crew and cargo to International Space Station（ISS） after the shuttle＇s retirement,America will depend on commercial transport system to transport crew and cargo to ISS.The papar describes the situation and development of American human spaceflight commercial transportation program.The purpose of the program is to reduce cost and shorten the gap,and the program includes commercial cargo tranpotation service,commercial resupply service and commercial crew development programs.The predominance of commercial vehicles is low-cost,and some spacecraft are reusable.To ensure the safety of commercial transportation system,NASA will strictly monitor and manage the program.The prospect of commercial transportation system is optimistic,and it will become the important transportation vehicles to ISS in the future.