多元学术观与大学学术发展

Multiple Conceptions of Academy and Academic Development of the University

大学是一种学术组织,大学的发展深受学术观的影响。欧洲历史上形成的狭义经典学术观把学术看成由受过正规教育并在大学中工作的学者所进行的非实用性的研究工作,对学术发展起到了重要的指导和促进作用。但在高等教育多样化发展的今天,它也日益暴露出自身的局限。现代大学发展需要广义的多元学术观,它对学术重新进行了界定,认为学术包括发现的学术、综合的学术、应用的学术和教学的学术四个方面。应当树立广义的多元学术观,全面提高大学的科学研究、人才培养和社会服务的学术水平。

As an academic organization,the university development has been deeply affected by the conception of academy in its history.According to the narrow-sense and classical conception of academy formed in the European history,academy is the research work without practical use done by the university scholars who had formal education experience.This conception of academy played an important role in directing and enhancing the university development.However,its limitations are becoming increasingly obvious due to the current multiple trends of the higher education development.The development of modern universities requires a broad-sense conception of academy.It redefines academy as the composition of four aspects,namely,scholarship of discovery,scholarship of integration,scholarship of application and scholarship of teaching.The broad-sense and multiple conceptions of academy should be held,so as to improve academic work comprehensively,such as scientific research,students fostering,and social service.