耕作方式对麦田土壤水分消耗和硝态氮淋溶的影响

Effects of Tillage on Soil Water Consumption and NO_3^--N Leaching in the Field of Wheat

以高产冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,设置条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、旋耕、深松+旋耕和翻耕5种耕作方式处理,研究耕作方式对小麦各生育阶段土壤水分消耗和硝态氮淋溶的影响。结果表明:(1)深松+条旋耕处理小麦各生育时期棵间蒸发量、播种至拔节阶段0-40cm土层土壤贮水消耗量和农田日耗水量显著低于旋耕、深松+旋耕和翻耕处理的;开花至成熟阶段60-120cm土层土壤贮水消耗量、农田日耗水量和灌浆后期旗叶水势显著高于其他处理的。(2)深松+条旋耕处理成熟期0-80cm土层土壤硝态氮含量与深松+旋耕处理的无显著差异,均低于其他处理的;80-120cm土层土壤硝态氮含量低于深松+旋耕处理的。(3)深松+条旋耕处理籽粒产量与深松+旋耕处理的无显著差异,均高于其他处理的,水分利用效率最高,是本试验条件下的高产高水分利用效率处理。

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of tillage on soil water consumption and NO-3-N leaching at each growth stage of wheat.The experiment was conducted using the high-yielding winter wheat cultivar of Jimai 22,and five tillage styles were designed which were strip rotary tillage（SR）,strip rotary tillage after subsoiling（SRS）,rotary tillage（R）,rotary tillage after subsoiling（RS） and plowing tillage（P）.The results showed that：（1）The evaporation at each growth stage of wheat,soil water consumption amount in 0-40 cm soil layers and daily water consumption amount of field from sowing to jointing period were significantly lower in treatment SRS than those of in treatments R,RS and P.However,the soil water consumption amount in 60-120 cm soil layers and daily water consumption amount of field from anthesis to maturity period,and Ψw of flage leaf at later filling stage were higher in treatment SRS than those of in other treatments.（2）There was no a significant difference between the soil NO-3-N content in 0-80 cm soil layers at maturity stage in treatment SRS and that in treatment RS,while other treatments were higher than the above two treatments＇.The soil NO-3-N content in 80-120 cm soil layers at maturity in treatment SRS was lower than that of in treatment RS.（3）The grain yield in treatment SRS had no a significant difference compared with that in treatment RS,while were higher than that of in other treatments,and the water use efficiency was the highest.As a result,treatment SRS was considered to be the high-yielding treatment with high water use efficiency under the experiment condition.