纸坊沟小流域水文特征与降水量关系初步分析

Preliminary Analysis on Relationships Between Hydrological Characteristics and Precipitation of the Zhifanggou Small Watershed

应用纸坊沟小流域1959-1997年降水、输沙及径流观测资料,分析了流域降水和输沙年际、月际变化特征以及年降水量与年径流量、年均土壤侵蚀模数之间的关系,时段治理程度与时段年均输沙量之间的关系。结果表明,降水量年内分配不均且凸显单一峰值,降水在年际上呈平水年-干旱年-平水年(较丰水年)周期性变化;多年平均输沙量月分布过程线峰型单一瘦削,土壤侵蚀及输沙量年际变幅大,稳定性极差;径流年变化幅度很大,地表径流的年际变化11年为一个周期,连续出现枯水年和丰水年的周期均为6年左右;年降水量与年径流量、年降水量与年土壤侵蚀模数、时段年均输沙量与时段治理程度呈线性相关关系,其相关程度均呈极显著(在0.01水平上)。

On the basis of the observed data of precipitation,sediment and runoff during1959-1997 years in the Zhifanggou watershed,this paper analysed the relationships between precipitation and change characteristics of inter-annual sediment,and monthly variations,and between the annual precipitation and annual runoff,average annual soil erosion modulus,degree of control in a period and average annual sediment delivering in the same period as well.The results showed that the rainfall distributed uneven during the year and highlights a single peak（maximum value）,the annual precipitation cyclically changed as normal years-dry years-normal years（compared with wet years）;Average annual sediment load of monthly distribution process line was single and thin,the inter-annual amount of soil erosion and sediment changed in a large number of variation without stability;Inter-annual changes of surface runoff appeared every 11 years,continuous dry years and wet years appeared every 6 years less or more;annual precipitation and annual runoff,annual precipitation and annual soil erosion,annual average sediment load and degree of control in a period showed a linear correlation in a highly significant level（at the level of 0.01）.