扁茎大豆在育种上的应用研究

Studies on the utilization of fasciated stem soybean

扁茎大豆与普通大豆品种杂交，Ｆ１ 代表现为正常型，无扁茎类型出现。Ｆ２ 代分离很大，有扁茎类型出现，比例很小，平均占总株数的８ ％ 左右，扁化程度不同。Ｆ３ 代系统中，扁茎株的后代平均９５ ％ 左右为扁茎，圆茎很少，扁化程度也不一致。这说明扁茎性状可能由一个主基因及多个微效基因控制。扁茎杂种后代中，节短、节多、花多、荚密的优良农艺性状出现比例很大，Ｆ２ 代平均占总株数的６０ ％ 左右，选择秆强抗倒伏、粒较大的农艺性状好的后代，经多次杂交改良，一定会选育出高产或超高产的特异性品种。我们已利用扁茎大豆选育出了绥９８ － ２７５ 、绥９８ － ２３８ 、绥９７ － ５５４５ 等１０ 个优良品系。其中绥９８ － ２７５ 产量高达４ １０３ ．２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ，比对照品种垦农４ 号增产２９ ．７ ％ 。

Fasciated stem soybeans were crossed with ordinary soybeans. F 1 showed normal type without fasciated stem types. F 2 segragated greatly and fasciated stem types accounted for about 8% of the total plants, differing in fasciated degree. In F 3 generation, the fasciated stem plants made of about 95% of the fasciated progeny and differed in the fasciated degree .This showed that the fasciated stem character might be controled by one main gene and several slight effect genes. In the progeny of fasciated stem the good agronomic characters such as short stem between nodes, poly node, poly-flower and dense pods covered a great ratio, averagely about 60% of the F 2 plants. Improved by crossing many times, the good progenies with strong stem, lodging resistent and larger seeds have been selected and distinctive cultivars with high yield or extra-high yield will be released. We have developed ten good lines such as Sui 98-275, Sui 98-238, Sui 97-5545 etc. The yield of Sui 98-275 reached 4 103.2kg/ha, increasing 29.7%, compared with that of the control cultivar Kennong 4.