武当山明成祖敕建道宫建筑平面布局及主要建筑初探

First Exploration on Plan layout and Main buildings of Taoist temples Built by Ming Emperor Zhu Di in Wudang Mountain

永乐年间明成祖朱棣于武当山敕建的六座祀奉真武大帝的道宫,是明朝初期皇家道教宫观的代表作品。六座宫殿一次性规划,一次性投资,一次性建成,建筑布局规模宏大、规划严密、主次分明、大小有序,显示了皇家宫观的恢弘气度,并充分反映了当时武当山皇家道教宫观建筑的基本布局形制。该文即以这六座建成于永乐十一年至永乐十六年的道教宫观建筑为研究对象,通过现场调研以及文献研究等方法,分析明永乐年间武当山皇家敕建道宫建筑平面布局的影响因素、基本形式和主要建筑的特点。

The six Taoist temples offering sacrifices to Great Emperor Zhenwu approved in Yongle Period by Yongle Emperor Zhu Di,is the representative works of royal Daoist temples.Six Taoist temples one-time planning,one-time investment,one-time built.The architectures have a grand scale layout,a strict planning,clear primary and secondary,and orderly size.They shows the great spirit of the royal temple and the basic form of plan layout.This article takes these six taoist temples of Wudang as the main research subject.Based on the results from field research and related literature research,it analyses on influencing factor of plan layout,the basic form and features of the main buildings in imperial taoist temples of Wudang constructed in Yongle Period.