关于美国的学生住房的若干考察

PERSPECTIVES ON STUDENT HOUSING IN THE U.S.

美国学院和大学校园学生住房的历史发展是与其高等教育机构的发展平行的。对于学生成长的作用一直是校园内学生住房的核心使命,但是其理念和实践已经从强烈的宗教影响之下的"代父母而行",走向世俗和教育,强调积极的生活-学习经验是大学生的全面教育和发展的一个组成部分。文章呈现了21世纪大学住房的目的、服务、组织、管理和人员的总体情况。为了反映大学学生住房设施和设计的不同方面,文章中使用了一些案例来说明从大规模居住环境走向不同类型的小型居住设施的变化,其目的仍是辅助更好的学习和人际关系发展。最后,本文提出了一些基本性的研究问题,以期引发更多的、更深入的比较研究,以及中美之间在此领域实践的交流,犹如2009国际大学院校住房官员协会组织的研究考察那样。

The historical development of student housing on colleges and university campuses parallels the development of U.S.higher educational institutions.The role of oncampus housing in the development of students has remained central to the mission of university student housing,though its philosophy and practice has evolved from one being ＂in loco parentis＂ intermingled with heavy doses of religious influence to one being secular and educational in nature,emphasizing on positive living-learning experiences as part of a total development and education of college students.The purposes,services,organization,administration,and sta ng of a typical university housing in the 21st century are provided as a general overview.To provide various perspectives on the facilities and designs of university student housing,a few examples have been provided to reflect a similar metamorphosis from large group living environments to di erent types of smaller group living arrangements that facilitate greater learning and interpersonal development.Finally,this article poses a few basic research questions with the hope to generate more and in-depth comparative studies and interchange of best practices in China and in the U.S.,such as the study-tour organized by the Association of College and University Housing O cers-International in 2009.