欧洲多中心城市区域的研究进展和应用实践

Progress and Application Practice in European Polycentric City Region

以"多中心城市区域"(PUR)为代表的城市群体空间的发展已经成为欧洲空间发展与规划的重要特征,以"多中心发展"为目标、"城市区域"为单位的欧洲"多中心城市区域"研究和规划取得了大量的研究成果。PUR的研究以城市密集地区形态—功能的多中心性之间的契合关系为重点,探讨这一类型区域的动态发展模式及其多中心性、互补性、连通性、协同性和外部性等属性特征,并且在PUR的定量测度上进行了较多卓有成效的工作,同时在以ESDP为代表的欧洲空间规划中获得了广泛的应用。虽然对这一领域的研究已经取得了丰硕的研究成果,进行了一系列的实证研究和数量分析,但由于PUR概念本身的模糊性、原型区域的局限性以及政策实施过程中出现的地方性问题等因素的存在,使得这一理论概念和规划策略的研究尚需进一步的深入,其应用价值尚需进一步的观察和评估。对西方尤其是欧洲PUR研究成果的吸收和所存在问题的反思构成了主要研究内容。在对欧洲PUR的研究基础、属性特征、定量测度和研究应用等多个方面引介和评论的基础上,提出了加强对城镇密集地区的研究、强化PUR各种属性的定量实证分析以及借鉴和吸收欧洲PUR研究与规划思想等一些适用于中国城市群空间规划与研究的借鉴与启示。

The Polycentric City Region （short for PUR） development has turned out to be the most important issues of European spatial development and planning, and got numerous research achievements under the objective of polycentric development and with the unit of city regions. Polycentricism at metropolitan or regional level comes in many different forms, as ：illustrated in European Union POLYNET project. PURs all display symptoms ofpolycentricism, yet their spatial arrangements are vary greatly. Some are characterized by a fairly even distribution of sized cities more or less equally across space （e.g. the Randstad Holland, RhineRuhr, EMR Northern Switzerland）, others take the shape of a larger urban agglomeration surrounded by several smaller centers （e.g. the Paris Region, Greater Dublin and South East England）, and again others are perhaps best characterized as something in betwee, n （Rhine Main and Central Belgium）. There existed three modes of polycentric development： centrifugal, incorporation and fusion mode, which can also be regarded as typology of evolutionary mode.The research of PUR emphasized on the relation between morphological polycentricity and functional polycentricy, the investigation on the property features of this kind of space, such as polycentric- ity, complementary, connectivity, synergy, externalities and geographic range, and on the measurement of the property features above mensioned. There are also existed many problems during the research process on the ambiguity of concepts, limitations of the empirical cases, and local affairs arotmd policy implementation pro- cess, which made it be necessary to further promote on the research of PUR theoretical analysis and planning policy. The main contents of the article constituted by the absorption and reflection of European PUR researches. It brought forward the reference and inspiration about Chinese city clustering regions research on strengthening the research of city clustering regions, intensifying the quantitative empirical analyses of PUR property features, and absorbing key ideas in European PUR research and planning based on the introduction and review of the research background, property features, quantitative measurement and planning applications of European PURs.