铜鼓研究一世纪

Researches on bronze drums for a century

20世纪是铜鼓研究在许多方面发生变化和取得辉煌成就的世纪,值得很好地回顾和总结。本文对19世纪末以来西方学者和日本、越南、中国学者研究铜鼓的历程作了简略的回顾,认为这一世纪铜鼓研究的进程可以划分为前后两段,前半个世纪的主力仍在西方,在旧的研究课题上徘徊,进展缓慢;后半个世纪的主力转入东方,掌握在本土学者手中,解决旧课题,开拓新领域,突飞猛进,中国和越南是最活跃的国家,中国的研究水平已处在世界领先的地位。20世纪的研究成果主要体现在铜鼓的起源、分类、族属、用途等传统课题的逐步解决,对铜鼓的合金成分、金属材质、矿料来源、铸造工艺、音乐性能等新的研究领域的开辟并取得突破。面向新的世纪,强调继续搜集散处各地的铜鼓,对现存铜鼓作“二度”发掘;重视考古发掘、民族调查,特别强调本土学者和本民族学者的积极参与,社会科学与自然科学联盟和国际间交流与合作。未来的世纪必将是铜鼓研究获得更大成就的世纪。

For researches on bronze drums the 20th century is one that changes took place and brilliant achievements were gained in many aspects,which are well worth reviewing in retrospects and summing up.This article makes a summeried review in retrospests on the course of bronze drum researches undertaken by the Western scholars and scholars of Japan,Vietnam and China since the last years of the 19th century and holds that the process of researches on bronze drums in the past century can be divided into two phases: in the first half of the century the main force of researchers was still in the West,the researches paced up and down around the old questions for study, the progress is quite slow; and in the second half of the century the main force was replaced by and grasped in the hands of the Oriental native scholars, who resolved old questions for study,opened up new research fields and made bronze drum researches to advance by leaps and bounds;China and Vietnam were the briskest countries;China's research level stood in a leading position.The research achievements in the 20th century were mainly embodied in the gradual resolving of the traditional questions such as the origin,classification,ethnic identities and uses of bronze drums,and opening up of and gaining great achievements in the new research fields such as the alloy composition,the metal material quality,the mineral sources,the casting technology and music function.This article stresses that facing the new century we should continue to collect the bronze drums scattered in different places and make further studies in depth of the existing bronze drums,pay much attention to archaeological excavation and ethnological fieldwork,in which great importance should be attached to the participation of the native ethnic scholars ,the alliance between social and na tural sciences,and the international exchanges and coorprations.The 21th century will certainly be one in which greater achievements will be gained in researches on bronze drums.