零形素句法、论旨指派统一性假设与汉语增元结构证实

Zero-morpheme Syntax and the Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis:The Verification of Applicative Constructions in Chinese

传统上,增元结构的认定依据动词的黏着性增元形素,汉语因此被认为是非增元语言。然而,零形素句法理论、论旨指派统一性假设、汉语中存在个别显性增元形素的事实、汉语中与非核心论元相关的语义现象等都指向相反的结论:汉语中存在增元结构。在句法方面,增元形素,不论是隐性的还是显性的,可以允准一个非核心论元,在VP之上投射ApplP。基于语段论的句法推导能够简易地生成汉语各类增元结构的表层句式。

An applicative construction is traditionally identified through an agglutinative applicative morpheme on the verb and Chinese is thus excluded from the category of applicative languages. However, zero - morpheme syntax, the Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis, a handful of explicit applicative morphemes in Chinese and the semantics associated with non - core arguments in Chinese all point to an opposite view： Chinese does have applicative constructions. On the syntactic aspect, the applicative morpheme, either implicit or explicit, licenses a non - core argument and projects ApplP above VP. And the surface form of various Chinese applicative constructions is amenable to a concise analysis based on the Phase Theory.