黄磷燃烧特性的试验研究

Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of yellow phosphorus

研究了不同试验条件下,黄磷的燃烧速率、火焰高度、温度、热辐射通量等特性,并对采集的试验数据进行整理。结果表明:黄磷燃烧速率与容器面积正相关,面积越大,燃烧速率越大;黄磷燃烧的火焰脉动现象很明显,不同的试验条件,脉动程度存在差异,并对此给出了理论阐述;黄磷燃烧时90%以上的热量以对流的形式向外传递,热辐射只占很小一部分。

This paper studies the characteristic features of yellow phosphorus in different experimental conditions, such as the burning rate, the flaming height, the flame temperature, the thermal radiation flux, and so on. While burning,the yellow phosphorus can produce large amounts of white smoke harmful to human beings. In addition, it could immediately fill up the whole laboratory. To make our research as much as fruitful, we have collected and analyzed large amounts of the experiment data. The results show that, the burning rate of yellow phosphorus is related to the space area of the container. Under normal conditions, it burning usually goes on very smoothly, for which feature the burning can be considered to be going on in a linear form. Moreover, it is found that, the larger the container＇s area, the greater the burning rate will be. As to the flame temperature, we have got to know that it changes nearby at the temperature of 800 ℃ when it is burning. In addition, its flame pulsation is found noticeable and significant. Its flame temperature in container A may pulsate between ±100 ℃,but the flame temperature in container B may pulsate between ±200 ℃. Whereas the flame height in container A pulsates nearby 15 cm, the flame height in container B may pulsate nearby 30 cm. Furthermore, we have also provided quite reasonable explanations for the phenomenon that different experimental conditions can lead to quite different results. If container B has an opening area larger than container A, the flammable gas evaporated from container B would be much more than that from container A. Besides, if the flammable gas from container B needs more oxygen than that from container A to keep its burning, it implies that the entrainment phenomenon in container B would be more obvious than that in container B. In summary, it has to be pointed out that, though the Yellow Phosphorus can produce large amounts of heat when it is burning, over 90 percent of heat has been transferred to the outside environment in the form of convection with only a little part in the form of thermal radiation. The white smoke which is considered as the single heat source would take away large amounts of heat in the form of convection and thermal radiation.