作物产量差及其形成原因综述

A Review on Crop Yield Gaps and the Causes

作物产量差是现实产量与潜在产量的差距。产量差研究意在揭示作物产量差的幅度与地域差异、形成原因以及缩小产量差的措施。产量差意味着农业发展的机会,因此,分析和研究产量差对提高作物产量、保障粮食安全意义重大。论文通过文献综述,首先讨论了产量差的定义,在此基础上,总结了世界和我国主要作物的产量差,分析了产量差的影响因素与缩小产量差的措施。最后讨论了目前产量差研究中存在的问题与不足,提出了产量差应重点关注的问题。

Yield gap is the difference between actual yield and potential yield of a crop.Research on yield gap is to survey the magnitude and regional variation of crop yield gaps,analyze the causes and seek measures to narrow or close the gap.Yield gap means the chance for agricultural development.Understanding the magnitude of yield gap and potential to increase crop yield is of great importance for improving food production to meet the growing food demand.This paper firstly discussed the definition and methods of yield gap,and then presented yield gaps of wheat,maize,rice and soybean in the world and in China by literature study.Followed in third section,the factors and their contribution to the yield gap were identified,including meteorological hazards,crop species,water and nutrients,disease,pest and weeds,soil and crop management,and agro-technologies,as well as economic and policy factors.Finally,future research focuses of yield gaps were discussed.