大学生贫困及奖助学金的政策效果

Poverty on China's Campus and the Effect of Financial Aid

基于2010年中国大学生的调查数据,我们考察了中国校园里的贫困现象、大学生的经济负担以及政府政策的效果。我们发现,如果以大学生维持基本生活所需的开支来设定大学"贫困线",有将近22%的大学生身处贫困之中。大学生必要支出占家庭收入的比重平均达到67%。贫困率高以及大学负担重的现象在来自农村和西部地区的学生中更为严重。与此同时,为了帮助贫困大学生而设立的助学金的标的错误率超过50%,而且只减少贫困率2.6个百分点,因此,仍有很大的改善空间。最后,虽然家庭支持依然是贫困生上大学的主要经济来源,贫困生非常依赖于借款和勤工俭学来支撑大学学业。

We employ the Chinese College Students Survey （CCSS） carried out in 2010 to examine the poverty on campus. In defining poverty line as the college-specific necessary expenditures for a college student to main- tain the basic living standard on campus, we find that 22% of college students are in poverty. The ratio of nec- essary college expenditure over household income is 67% on average. Poverty is more severe among the students from rural or Western China. The college need-based aid program needs to be improved because the target count error is over 50%, and only reduce poverty rate by 2. 6 percentage points. Lacking other income sources, poor students rely heavily on borrowing and working to finance their college education.