试析《今昔物语集》的具格助词——以“天竺部”“震旦部”之具体实例为中心

An Analysis on the Instrument Auxiliary Words in Konjaku Monogatarishū:According to the Examples in "tenjiku bu" & "shintan bu"

《今昔物语集》的具格助词有四个"シテ""ニテ""ニシテ""ヲ以テ"。"シテ"前接具体名词,后续能动动词,表示工具。"ニテ"和"ニシテ"前接具体或抽象名词,后续能动动词,表示工具或手段。"ヲ以テ"前接具体或抽象名词,后续能动或使役动词,表示工具、手段、材料,用例最多且语义最为广泛。通过与汉语原典的比较发现,《今昔物语集》的具格助词用例所对应的汉语原典大都使用介词"以"字,由此可知《今昔物语集》具格助词的使用深受汉语原典的影响。

There are four instrument auxiliary words in Konjaku Monogatarishū,which are ＂Shite＂,＂Nite＂,＂Nishite＂ and ＂Womotte＂.＂Shite＂ follows the concrete noun,collocates with the active verb,and expresses the meaning of tool.＂Nite＂ and ＂nishite＂ follow the concrete or abstract noun,collocate with the active verb,and express the meaning of tool or method.＂Womotte＂ follows the concrete or abstract noun,collocates with the active or causative verb,and expresses the meaning of tool,method or material.Compared with the tales＇ sources in Chinese,the corresponding sentences mostly use the Chinese preposition ＂Yi＂.It can be seen that,the instrument auxiliary words are deeply affected by the tales source in Chinese.