日本平安时代格助词“して”考

Perspective on Case Particle "して" of Heian Period in Japan

古日语中的"して"作为格助词,其语义随着时代的变化而不断变化。在日本上代,"して"主要接在代词或数量词后面,表示做某事的人或人数。到了平安时代,随着和文化的初步形成,"して"的语义也变得多样起来。通过对日本平安时代的文献进行考察,归纳了此时期格助词"して"的具体用法和语义。平安时代的"して"除了承接上代语义之外,根据前接词的不同构成四种不同的形式,每种形式分别表示物品的数量、使役的对象、工具.材料.方法、场所和时间等语义。

In ancient Japanese,＂して＂ is a case particle and its semantics is changing with the times.In ancient Japan,＂して＂was used after pronouns and numerals,indicating the person who is doing something or the number of the people doing the thing.But in the Heian period,the Japanese culture had taken an initial shape,and the semantics of ＂して＂became varied.This article,based on the literature of the Heian period,introduces the specific use and the semantics of case particle ＂して＂at this time and points out that besides accepting the semantic usage of Shangdai,＂して＂at Heian period also contained four different forms according to the difference of the prefix and the four different forms indicate the quantity of the goods,the causative object,tool,material,method,place,time and so on.