大型活动中人群的应急行为研究综述

Progress in the Research on Crowd's Emergency Behaviors in Large-scale Events

为完善对大型活动的应急处理能力,预防应急事件发生,研究人群在应急状况下的行为反应及疏散中的行为决策。从应急管理和救援的角度,对国内外现有文献进行梳理,分析大型活动背景下人群的应急行为和疏散时间、应急疏散模型、应急逃生的调查实证、交通及人流行为特征和组织与疏散方案等方面的研究现状,指出当前国内外大多数文献较多地侧重于利用计算机模拟火灾环境以研究单一建筑体中人的应急疏散行为,行为调查以事后调查为主,对火灾环境之外的其他突发应急事件及个体行为特征的研究等较少。同时,基于试验性研究的应急心理反应对于行为的影响研究,以及群体信任和他人行为对于行为决策的影响等可以作为未来研究的重要方向。

To improve emergency management capability in large scale events,prevent and reduce emergency incidents,crowd＇s behavioral response to emergency and their behavioral decision-making in evacuation are studied.From the aspects of emergency responses and rescue,the documents in this field at home and abroad are reviewed,and research on emergency responses and evacuation time,emergency evacuation models,emergency escape investigation,traffic flow characteristics and scheme of organization and evacuation in large-scale events are analyzed.It is pointed out that most of the documents focus on the study of emergency evacuation behaviors in a single building under fire simulation environment by computers,the behavior investigation is only conducted after accidents,and research on emergency and individual＇s behavioral characteristics under other situation except fire is less.Meanwhile,study of emergency psychological response and its impact on behaviors,and the influence of group trust and others＇ behaviors on decision making of behavior are the future research focuses.