1960-2008年额尔古纳河流域气候变化特征

Characteristics of Climate Change in the Argun Drainage Basin during 1960-2008

为分析我国中高纬度地区的额尔古纳流域典型湿地对气候变化的响应,利用额尔古纳河流域气象站和水文站1960-2008年近50a的气象资料,分析了流域年、四季平均气温、降水量、蒸发量变化特征.结果表明:额尔古纳河流域全年及4个季节平均气温变化总体趋势为波动中上升,进人20世纪80年代中期以后,气温上升趋势进一步增强,且上游各时段平均气温均高于下游,各时段平均气温的气候倾向率为0.4～0.7℃.(10a)-1;50a来额尔古纳河流域全年及4个季节降水量变化总体趋势微弱的减少趋势,减少趋势较明显的时段为夏季、全年,下游各时段降水量均多于上游,各时段降水量的气候倾向率为-3.94～0.52mm.(10a)-1;自1972年以来额尔古纳河流域蒸发量变化总体趋势减少明显,全年、春季、夏季减少趋势更加显著,冬季、秋季有微弱增加趋势,上游各时段蒸发量均多于下游,全年、春季和夏季蒸发量的气候倾向率分别为-41.26、-29.02和-19.02mm.(10a)-1.额尔古纳河流域的气候要素变化趋势整体上与我国东北地区一致,但是气温与降水量变化幅度较大,有明显的局地特征.

Based on the data from meteorological stations and hydrological stations in the Argun drainage basin in recent 50 years,using regression statistical method,the changing characteristics of annual and seasonal mean temperatures,precipitation and evaporation in the basin were analyzed to understand the response of typical wetland to climate change in the high latitude area of China.The results show that： 1） Overall changing trend of annual and seasonal mean air temperatures have increased since 1960 in an undulated way.The temperature rise trend has further enhanced since the mid-1980.The average temperature in each phase was higher in the upper reaches than that in the lower reaches.The climate trend rate of average air temperature in each phase was 0.4~0.7·（10a）-1;2） In recent 50 years,overall trend of annual and seasonal precipitation changes in the Argun drainage basin has slightly decreased,especially,in summer;precipitation in each phase was more in the lower reaches than that in the upper reaches.The climate trend rate of precipitation in each phase was-3.94~0.52 mm·（10a）-1.3） Since 1972,overall evaporation changing trend in the Argun drainage basin has reduced significantly,especially,in spring and summer,but it has slightly risen in winter and autumn;the evaporation of each phase in the upper reaches was more than that in the lower reaches;the annual,spring＇s and summer＇s climate trend rates of evaporation were-41.26 mm·（10a）-1,-29.02 mm·（10a）-1 and-19.02 mm·（10a）-1,respectively.The climate change trend in the Argun drainage basin is consistent with that in Northeast China on the whole,but air temperature and precipitation have large change range,showing a pronounced local character.