儿童青少年体力活动特征及其对生长发育和代谢指标的影响

Characteristics of physical activity and their influence on growth and metabolism of children and adolescents

目的了解儿童青少年体力活动特征及其对生长发育和代谢指标的影响。方法采用多阶分层整群随机抽样方法对天津市1 824名小学生和初中生进行体力活动调查、体格检查和代谢指标测定(空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂)。结果 1 824名学生课余体力消耗为879.2 kJ,交通消耗为758.2 kJ,课间体力消耗为503.3kJ,平均每周总能量消耗为2 456.0 kJ,初中生普遍高于小学生,男生高于女生,课余体力消耗与向心性肥胖的各指标之间存在负相关,与某些性别和年龄组的代谢指标负相关。结论儿童体力活动不足会增加体质量超标、肥胖尤其是向心性肥胖的危险,但对代谢指标的影响结果尚不明显。

Objective To understand the characteristics of physical activity and their influence on growth and metabolism of children and adolescents. Methods A total of 1824 students were selected by means of the multi-staged stratified cluster randomly sampling method from five schools in Tianjin City. The Children＇ s Leisure Activities Study- Chinese version was used to assess the physical activity of the students. Anthropometric and experimental measurements were conducted. Results The medium of total energy expenditure among all the participants was 879.2 kJ/week which included 758.2 kJ for out-school activity, 503.13 kJ/week for in-school activity and 2 456.0 kJ/week for traffic activity. The junior high school students and boys had higher activity expenditure correspondingly compared to the primary school students or girls. The significant negative correlations were found between out-school activity and visceral obesity, as well as between out-school activity and metabolic indicators in some age or gender groups. Conclusions Overweight or obese children have relative insufficient physical activity, especially out-door activities. The influence of activity on metabolic indicators is not significant according to this study.