养殖博氏(鱼芒)肉营养成分的分析及评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in meat of cultured Pangasius bocourti

采用国家标准方法测定湖北英山博氏(鱼芒)肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质元素含量。结果表明,博氏(鱼芒)肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为75.36%±1.07%、17.90%±0.43%、5.13%±0.18%和0.98%±0.09%;18种氨基酸总量为(69.01±0.07)g/100g(干重),其中5种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41.70%,8种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的48.68%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为95.06%;粗脂肪中含24种脂肪酸,油酸含量38.41%±0.29%最高,单不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的42.68%±0.10%,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比值为1.48;矿物质元素中钾含量最高,为(1 118.51±30.67)mg/100 g(干重),微量元素中,铁、锌含量最高,分别为(1.19±0.10)和(1.18±0.05)mg/100g(干重)。与其它鱼类相比,博氏(鱼芒)肉蛋白质质量较高,氨基酸组成比例均衡,富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸,矿物质元素含量丰富,有较高的营养价值。

Nutritional components in the meat of Pangasius bocourti from Yingshan of Hubei Province were analyzed and nutritive quality was evaluated.The contents of general nutrients,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements were determined with the current national standard method.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in the meat of P.bocourti were 75.36%±1.07%,17.90%±0.43%,5.13%±0.18% and 0.98%±0.09% respectively.The total content of eighteen common amino acids was（69.01±0.07）g/100 g（dry weight）,among which 5 kinds of delicious amino acids and 8 kinds of essential amino acids for human body accounted for 41.70%,and 48.68% respectively.The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 95.06%.The constitutional rate of the essential amino acids accorded with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization（FAO/WHO）Standards.According to nutrition evaluation in amino acid score（AAS）and chemical score（CS）,the first limited amino acid was Tryptophan（Trp）and the second limited amino acid was Valine（Val）.There were 24 kinds of fatty acids in crude fat,among which the content of oleic acid was the highest 38.41%±0.29% and the ratio of total mono-unsaturated fatty acids content to total fatty acids content in this fish was 42.68%±0.10%.The ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFA）was 1.48.Potassium（K）was the most predominant mineral element found in meat and its content was（1 118.51±30.67） mg/100 g（dry weight）.In trace elements,the contents of iron（Fe）and zinc（Zn）were（1.19±0.10） mg/100 g（dry weight）,（1.18±0.05） mg/100 g（dry weight）.Compared with other fish species,the meat of P.bocourti had a high quality in protein with well-balanced essential amino acid composition and was rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mineral elements.It indicated that P.bocourti was one of freshwater fishes with high nutritional value.