麻黄素对鼻腔通气功能的影响

Effects of ephedrine on nasal patency

目的定量研究麻黄素对鼻腔通气功能的影响。方法正常成年人39名(78侧鼻腔),其中男性21名,女性18名,年龄20～61岁,平均(37.9±11.5)岁。利用鼻声反射测量法分别测量收缩前、收缩后5 min和收缩后10 min的鼻腔最小截面积(minimum cross-sectional area,MCAb,MCA5,MCA10)及其距前鼻孔的距离(the distance between the nostril to minimum cross-sectional area,MDb,MD5,MD10)和0～5 cm的鼻腔容积(the nasal cavity volume from 0 cm to 5 cm,NVb,NV5,NV10);然后分别计算收缩后5 min和10 min的鼻腔最小截面积和容积与收缩前的变化量和变化率(ΔMCA5,ΔMCA10,ΔNV5,ΔNV10;ρMCA5;ρMCA10;ρNV5;ρNV10)。结果①麻黄素收缩后5 min、10 min的鼻腔的容积、最小截面积及其距前鼻孔的距离与收缩前差异有统计学意义;收缩后5 min和10 min的鼻腔容积、最小截面积及其距前鼻孔的距离之间差异也均有统计学意义;有23.1%的鼻腔在收缩后5 min时其容积和最小截面积反而小于收缩前;②ΔNV10、ρNV10大于ΔNV5、ρMCA5;③男、女单侧鼻腔收缩前、后的最小截面积和容积差异均有统计学意义,男性大于女性;ΔMCA5、ΔMCA10、ΔNV5、ΔNV10、ρMCA5、ρMCA10、ρNV5、ρNV10性别差异无统计学意义;④ΔNV5、ΔNV10、ρNV5和ρNV10均与年龄有相关性,ΔMCA5、ΔMCA5、ρMCA5和ρMCA10与年龄无相关性。结论鼻声反射可以使麻黄素试验的结果更具准确性和可比性,有一部分鼻腔黏膜对麻黄素的反应表现为先肿胀后收缩,麻黄素试验的测量时间定为10 min较为合理,鼻腔黏膜对麻黄素的收缩反应无性别差异,随着年龄的增长有下降趋势。

Objective To measure the effect of ephedrine on nasal patency. Methods Thirty-nine healthy adults（male 21,female 18） were enrolled in this study,the mean age was 37.9±11.5 years（range 20～61 years）.Eccovision acoustic rhinometry was used to acquire the nasal cavity volume,minimum cross-sectional area and the distance between the nostril to minimum cross-sectional area before,5 and 10 minutes after the use of ephedrine（NVb,NV5,NV10,MCAb,MCA5,MCA10,MDb,MD5,MD10）,and acquired the difference values and variational rate（ΔNV5,ΔNV10,ΔMCA5,ΔMCA10,ρNV5,ρNV10,ρMCA5,ρMCA10）. Results ① NV5,NV10,MCA5,MCA10,MD5,MD10 were significantly different from NVb,MCAb MDb respectively.NV5 and NV10,MCA5 and MCA10 MD5 and MD10 were significantly different;23.1% of the nasal cavity NV5 and MCA5 were smaller than NVb and MCAb.② ΔNV10 and ρNV10 were significantly bigger than ΔNV5,ρMCA5.③ There was significant differences between men and women in NVb,NV5,NV10,MCAb,MCA5,MCA10,but there is no significant difference in ΔMCA5,ΔMCA10,ΔNV5,ΔNV10,ρMCA5,ρMCA10,ρNV5,ρNV10.④ ΔNV5,ΔNV10,ρNV5 and ρNV10 were significantly correlated with age,but ΔMCA5,ΔMCA10,ρMCA5,ρMCA10 were not significantly correlated with age. Conclusion Acoustic rhinometry can be used to improve the accuracy of the ephedrine test,the results acquired at 10 minutes after using ephedrine were much better than those obtained at 5 minutes.The effect of ephedrine on nasal patency was not significantly different between men and women,and it has a decreasing trend with age.