长沙市湘江洲滩翻耕种植灭螺控制血吸虫病效果

Effect of cultivation for snail control on schistosomiasis in Changsha urban section of Xiangjiang River

目的研究适合长沙市湘江洲滩的灭螺方法,要求灭螺效果可靠,符合生态保护和可持续发展的原则。方法根据洲滩退水期早、适合秋种的特点,采用平整滩地、翻耕种植的方法灭螺,其中还对部分洲滩的下稀螺带先作降滩抬洲处理,然后平整滩地翻耕种植。结果从2003年起,已连续实施8年,至2011年单纯平整滩地翻耕种植的洲滩活螺平均密度下降了99.83%,降滩抬洲结合翻耕种植的洲滩活螺平均密度下降了100%。2006年居民血吸虫感染率为0.31%,下降了93.84%,2010年为1.03%。疫水测定结果均为阴性。结论单纯平整滩地翻耕种植可控制江滩钉螺密度,降滩抬洲可提高翻耕种植的灭螺效果。长沙市湘江洲滩经过连续8年耕种灭螺已控制了血吸虫病传播。

Objective To study a reliable, friendly environmental and sustainable Oncomelania snail control method in marshlands of the Xiangjiang River. Methods According to the special characteristics of the marshlands of the Xiangjiang River, smoothing and cultivating in beaches were applied for snail control. In sections with scarce distribution of snails, lowering parts of beaches and raising other parts were added. Results Since 2003, the project has been practiced for 8 years. The average snail density declined by 99.83% with the simple smoothing beaches and then cultivation there. The average snail density declined by 100% with lowering parts of beaches and raising other parts and then cultivation. The schistosome infection rate was 0.31% with a declined rate of 93.84% in residents in 2006. The schistosome infection rate was 1.03% in 2010. The test result of water contamination was negative. Conclusions The method of simple smoothing beaches and then cultivation can control the density of snails in marshlands and the method of lowering parts of beaches and raising other parts and then cultivation is more effective.