试论俄国形式主义电影诗学

On the Poetics of Cinema of Russian Formalism

俄国形式主义是20世纪最重要的文艺理论派别之一,它不但将文本语言形式提升为文学研究的中心,而且最早从语言学角度研究电影理论,并对苏联蒙太奇理论产生了直接影响。什克洛夫斯基、艾亨鲍姆、蒂尼亚诺夫梯等人,从差异性、自主性、系统性及陌生化等角度论述了俄国形式主义的电影诗学思想,并集中研究了景别、隐喻、拍摄角度、剪辑与蒙太奇、灯光与照明等方面的电影修辞问题。

The Russian Formalism is one of the most important schools of theory of literature and art in the 20th century. It not only advanced the form of text language to the central position of literature research, but also was the earliest approach to cinema theory from the angle of linguistics, and had a direct impact on the Russian montage theory. Shklovsky, Eikhenbaum, Tynyanov and others elaborated the Russian formalist poetics of cinema from the angles of diversity, autonomy, systematicness and defamiliarization, and have focused their research on the cinema rhetoric issues such as scene setting, metaphor, shooting angle, cutting and montage, lamplit and lighting, etc.