元素与节奏:海子与荷尔德林的诗学比较

Element and Rhythm:A Comparison between Haizi and Holderlin's Poetics

本文比较海子与他热爱的诗人荷尔德林的诗学,反思两位有着巨大文化背景差异的浪漫主义诗人理解"自由"的差别。海子虽然将荷尔德林引为精神上的同道和知己,却没能注意到,在荷尔德林那里,诗歌精神除了象征自然神性的"元素"之外,还有为自然立法的"节奏",二者之间的张力构成了最高诗学法则。本文试图由此揭示浪漫主义先驱荷尔德林鲜为人知的一面,即:他对于诗人追求亲近神灵的愿望保持审慎,认为诗人应当学习与自身(的欲望)相区分。这正是海子的诗学精神所缺少的。

This paper compares the poetics of Haizi and those of his favorite poet Holderlin, reflecting on the divergent comprehensions of ＂liberty＂ by these two romantic poets who have dramatically different cultural backgrounds. Although Haizi considered Holderlin as his spiritual comrade, he was not aware of that, in Holderlin＇ s poetics, besides symbolizing the ＂element＂ of natural diety, the spirit of poem has also a ＂rhythm＂ to legislate the nature. It is just the tension between the two constitutes the ultimate law of poetics. This paper tries to disclose a rarely known aspect of the Romanticist pioneer Holderlin, i. e. , his prudent reservation to poets＇ desire of seeking for intimacy with diety, and considering that a poet should learn to detach himself from his own desires. This is a vacancy in Haizi＇ s poetics.