新型油品降凝剂合成研究进展

Synthesis research of novel pour point depressant of crude oil

基于现有降凝剂产品存在的不足,围绕普适高效、经济环保的新型降凝剂的研发需求,总结了近年来国内外关于传统降凝剂改性和新型油品降凝剂合成方面的研究成果。对传统降凝剂进行化学改性,目的是将极性基团引入传统降凝剂,例如:EVA的接枝改性和马来酸酐的醇解/胺解。新型含氮聚合物、富马酸酯共聚物、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯、氢化共轭二烯烃共聚物、星型结构共聚物创新了降凝剂的分子结构,取得了一定的应用效果。从分子结构设计的角度,阐述了各种实验产物的微观结构单元在含蜡原油降凝过程中的作用:适量的芳香环可以增强降凝剂与沥青质的相互作用,抑制蜡晶生长;结构规整的聚两性电解质有助于蜡晶分散;星型结构能够提供对称空间结构,使蜡晶形成球晶;季戊四醇硬脂酸酯、均苯四酐等新单体为降凝剂分子设计提供了多样性选择,拓宽了降凝剂的开发思路。

A novel pour point depressants(PPD)with universality,cost-effectiveness and environment-friend is a new growth point of market for the oil pipelines.The objective to modify the conventional PPD is to introduce the polar group into it,for instance,the graft modif ication of EVA,alcoholysizing and aminolysizing of maleic anhydride.The PPDs with novel molecular structures' have been synthesized,such as nitrogenous polymer,fumarate copolymer,pentaerythritol stearate,conjugated diene hydrogenated and star structure copolymer.Some of the PPDs exhibit sound availability in oil pipelines.From the viewpoint of molecular design,the role of microcosmic structural units of different products in laboratory during depressing the set point of crude oil is described,that is,a certain amount of the aromatic ring can enhance the interaction between PPD and asphaltene to inhibit the growth of wax crystal;the polyampholyte with regular structure can contribute to the dispersion of wax crystal and the star structure can produce a symmetric space structure to make the wax crystal to form wax spherulites.Results show that the new monomers in pentaerythritol stearate,pyromellitic anhydride,etc.can be taken as molecular structures to utilize in PPD structure design,which is a best biodiversity for the PPD researchers.