国外特殊地形地貌管道施工装备与技术

Professional skills and equipments in pipeline installation in complicated topography abroad

系统介绍了国外在特殊地形地貌的管道施工装备与技术现状,其中德国、美国和意大利拥有成熟的山区施工装备,德国、美国、日本、瑞典的石方工程机械比较先进,美国、德国、比利时和利比亚在沙漠地区管道施工装备方面发展较快,美国和日本在水网沼泽地区管道施工装备方面技术优势明显,俄罗斯和加拿大在高寒冻土地区管道施工装备方面占据了国际大部分市场。在水网沼泽地区的管道施工技术主要有:铺管船法、拉管法、推管法、浮运法、井点降水法等。多年冻土区域的管道主要采用沿路基地上敷设方案和地下敷设方案;应用热棒(管)技术,可以解决基础冻胀和融沉等热力问题;俄罗斯近年发展了人工地层冻结开挖施工的新技术。针对我国在特殊地段管道施工装备和技术方面与国外的差距,提出了工程研发的方向和思路。

Worldwidely speaking,professional skills and equipments used in pipeline installation in complicated topography are remarkably differentiated in different countries,for instance,Germany,America and Italy possess systemic installation machinary available for the mountains.Germany,America,Japan and Sweden have special installation technology in rock engineering.America,Germany,Belgium and Libya have designed themselves apparatuses suitable for the desert region.America and Japan are good at the facilities in the waters and swamp areas.Russia and Canada have remarkable advantages in permafrost region,leading in the international market.Regarding the pipeline installation technology,in the waters and swamp,laybarge method,pipe drawing method,pipe pushing method,pipe ? oating pulling method,well point dewatering method,etc.are usually utilized.In permafrost region,pipeline installation scheme with the underground and/or aboveground pipelaying along roadbed are mainly carried out.Thermal probe technology is adopted to deal with the frost heaving and/or thawing of foundation,and finally,an artif icial ground freezing excavation construction has been developed by Russia in recent years.In allusion to the gaps existedin the field in China,the paper puts forward the direction and methodology in the technical research in pipeline engineering.