美国铁路煤炭运输

American Railway Coal Transportation

介绍美国铁路煤炭运输的发展概况与产销特点:煤炭资源丰富,产地集中,消费的地域集中度不高,但其产业集中度很高。煤炭运输的产销特点决定了美国铁路煤炭的运输组织方式以单元列车为主,技术装备配置以煤炭客户自备车为主。其煤炭运价分为公布运价和合同运价,当燃油价格超过基准价格时,美国铁路运输公司收取燃油附加费。由于煤炭运输市场竞争充分,煤炭供求双方具备强大的市场谈判能力,因此美国铁路煤炭运输的收入率较低。

This paper introduces the development situation and producing & sale characteristics of American railway coal transportation: rich coal resource, centralized producing area, less centralization of consumed section, but with high industrial centralization. The supply and demand characteristics decides the mode of American coal transport organization is given priority to unit train, and technical equipment configuration is given priority to the trains owned by coal clients. The coal transport cost was divided into publicized transport cost and contract transport cost. When fuel price exceed the basic price, American railway transport company will add fuel surcharge. For competitiveness of coal transport market and strong market negotiation capacity of supply & demand parties, the income rate of American coal transportation is low.