关于应付的一些思考与实证研究 Ⅲ应付方式与人格

Ways of Coping and Personality

目的:考察应付方式同人格特质间的关系。方法:378名20岁到85岁的成年人完成“应付方式评定量表”(WCRS)、“艾森克人格问卷”(EPQ)、“A型行为问卷”(TABQ)和“生活事件量表”(LES)的测查,36名大学生间隔8个月重复上述测查。结果:①随着个体所经历的主要生活事件的变化,应付型式也有变化,但大多数人应付项目变化不多于25%;②WCRS部分项目重测信度显著低于人格特质的;③外向性同一些具普遍适应意义的应付方式呈显著正相关,而内向性、神经质、精神质以及TH与CH量表分则多与一些适应不良的应付方式密切相关。结论:应付方式的使用同人格特点有联系;应付型式可随时间的推移而变,因此不象人格特质那样具有较大的跨情境的一致性。

Objective: To examine relationships between ways of coping and personality traits. Methods: 378 adults aged 20 to 85 completed the Ways of Coping Rating Scale (WCRS), EPQ, the Type A Behavior Questionnaire (TABQ), and the Life Events Scale (LES). Results: Some (but no more than 25%) changes in patterns of coping took place with the changes of primary life events that subjects encountered at an eight-month interval. Some of the test-retest reliability coefficients for WCRS were significantly lower than those for personality traits. Extraversion was positively correlated with some adaptive ways of coping. Neuroticism, psychoticism, introversion and TABQ scores were associated with some maladaptive ways of coping.Conclusion:The use of ways of coping is associated with personality characteristics. Patterns of coping could change as time goes on, and therefore would not show more cross-situational consistency as personality traits.