从一般到特殊:知识分类视角下的高等教育机构序列

Going From General to Specific:A Hierarchy among HEIs Based on Their Different Ways of Knowledge Production

为了实现高等教育机构的协调发展,必须对多元化的高等教育机构进行归类与序列排整,明晰不同高等教育机构的任务与职能。一种机构的基本职能决定着这种机构的基本性质,而高等教育机构的基本职能应该是培养专门人才,从这一视角分析,我国现阶段的高等教育机构主要包括普通高等学校、高等职业院校和企业大学。然而,我国高等教育机构的序列当前呈现为一种失序状况,这种失序也反映了我国高等教育机构分类理论上的漏误。事实上,从知识分类的视角分析,基于高等教育机构传递和生产的知识性质的差异,它们之间存在着一种从一般到特殊的序列关系。要解决当前的失序,确定它们的合理序列,就应该从课程、教师与学业认证三方面进行分类指导,引导它们合理归流。

Currently,higher education institutions(HEIs) in China fall into three categories,namely,general higher education institutions,vocational higher education schools,and corporate universities.Though originally each of these three types of HEIs was assigned a unique and specific role in training specialized talents for our society,HEIs in China today seem to be rather confused about their respective role and status within the higher education system.Nevertheless,there does exist a discernable hierarchy among these three types of HEIs based on their different ways of knowledge production,with the most general/abstract knowledge produced in general higher education institutions and the most specific/concrete knowledge produced in corporate universities.Having established theoretically such a HEI hierarchy,it is also necessary to give each of these three types of HEIs differentiated guidance with regard to their curriculum arrangement,faculty recruitment,and academic accreditation,so that three of them could play complementary roles in our higher education system.