析维特根斯坦的“不可言说的东西”——兼论东方哲学的“语言哲学”元素

An Analysis of Wittegenstein's"What cannot be said"

维特根斯坦在《逻辑哲学论》中指出:凡是能思考的东西都能清楚地思考。凡是可以说的东西都可以清楚地说出来。其义为:语言与构成世界的事实之间具有同构性。然而,东方的庄子《天道》却指出:语言可贵之处在于它的意义,意义又有所指向。意义所指向的,却不可以用语言表达出来。而禅宗的不立文字则又是对世界本体的另一种思考。维特根斯坦在《逻辑哲学论》最后一章提到"对不可说的东西我们必须保持沉默。"语言和世界的关系不能简单概括为图像摩画世界,对维特根斯坦的语言悖论的思考,在于对"存在"的语言阐释,即:对世界的本体论的思考。

Wittegenstein said in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus that everything that can be thought at all can be thought clearly;everything that can be put into words can be put clearly.That is to say there is an isomorphic relationship between language and the facts,but in Zhuangtzu＇s The Way of Heaven we find the reference of language over reality is obscure.Such kind of idea could be interpreted as the last sentence of Tractatus：what we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence.However,the connection between language and the world cannot be simplified as picture relation.The analysis of Wittgenstain＇s language paradox in this thesis could be considered as the thought of the ontology of the world.