大学生膳食营养状况调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Nutritional Condition of College Students

目的了解河北北方学院大学生的膳食营养状况.方法随机抽取该校480名大学生,进行自设计营养KAP问卷调查,分析其KAP评分.同时发放膳食调查表,采用24h回顾法对调查对象进行连续4天的膳食情况调查.结果该校学生营养知识普遍缺乏,KAP平均分为53.19±4.27分,仅占总分的64.08%.食品相关专业学生的营养知识评分和总分显著高于其他专业学生(P<0.01),女生的营养知识评分和总分显著高于男生(P<0.01),营养知识评分高的学生根据营养价值选择食物的比例更高.学生热量和多数营养素摄入不足,女生较男生三餐的热量分配更为合理,维生素A和钙的摄入均未达到推荐摄入量的60%,缺乏较为严重.食品相关专业与其他专业学生比较,钙和膳食纤维的摄入量显著较高,而脂肪的摄取显著偏低.结论应多渠道加强大学生营养教育,提高营养知识水平,改善饮食结构,保证身体健康.

Objective To understand the dietary nutrition of students in Hebei North University. Methods 480 students in the university were selected randomly to investigate their nutritional KAP by a self-designed questionnaire and the KAP scores were analyzed. At the same time, the 24 h dietary recall method for 4 consecutive days was used in dietary survey among them. Results The students generally lacked nutritional knowledge whose average score was 53.19±4.27 （only 64. 08% of total scores）. The total average score of nutritional knowledge and total score for female students was significantly higher than that of male students （ P 〈 0.01 ）, similarly the score of students in food-related specialty was signif- icantly higher than that of students in other specialty （ P 〈 0.01 ）. More students of higher average scores of nutritional knowledge selected food by nutritive value. The intake of energy and many kinds of nutrients were inadequate. The energy distribution of meals for female students were more reasonable than that of male students. The dietary intake of vitamin A and calcium of students was 60% lower than the recommended intake, which showed serious lack. The dietary intake of calcium and dietary fiber of students in food-related specialty was higher obviously than that of students in other specialty, but fat obsorption of them was lower obviously than that of students in other specialty. Conclusion It suggests that nutrition education activities should be strengthened to make the students know more nutrition knowledge and improve the dietary pattern for a healthy body.