从出土战国文献看“不”与“未”的异同

Discussion on the Similarities and Differences About "Bu(不)" and "Wei(未)" According to Documents Unearthed from the Warring States Period

出土战国文献中的"不"与"未"的语法功能基本相同,二者均可修饰动词性谓语、形容词性谓语、名词性成分,可用于宾语前置句,可构成固定短语。"不"与"未"有各自的否定语义,并在小范围内混同兼用。"不"的语义最为稳定,一直保留到现代;"未"则被"没"所取代。现代汉语中"不"与"未"混同兼用的语义主要保留在一些古词语中。

Observed on the Warring States unearthed literature, ＂Bu （不） ＂and ＂Wei （ 未 ） ＂ have the similar grammatical function. They have the respective basic denial semantics, and are confused in the small scope. The semantic of ＂Bu （不） ＂ is the most stable. ＂Wei（未） ＂ has been substituted for ＂ Mei （没） ＂ . Now ＂Bu （不） ＂and ＂Wei（未） ＂are mainly confused in some ancient words and expressions.