“牛眼”赫拉神话起源研究

On the Mythical Origin about "Cow-Eyed Hera"

"牛眼夫人"是荷马史诗对女神赫拉最主要的描述词之一,作为农业时代的母神,赫拉最初的形象塑造与祈愿母牛丰产的仪式密切相关。古希腊文的第一个字母α(alpha),来自闪米特的象形文字A——表现为一只向左倾斜的牛角。这一模拟牛角的象形字产生于远古图腾崇拜时代,那时造型艺术中的动物(尤其是母牛)往往是代表神圣的符号。随着文明史的推进,α的原型意象蕴含逐渐失传,女神的地位也屈居于男神之下。史诗世界里的赫拉虽然缺少A时代(animal/agriculture/alpha)女神的风姿,不过从她执掌婚姻的神格功能上看,依然透露着远古女神信仰时代的信息。解释赫拉神话发生的多元因素,阐明从独立的大女神到男神配偶和婚姻守护神的转化历程。

Hera,known as＂cow-eyed Hera＇in Homer,is the mother goddess of the agricultural era. Hera＇s image is originally related to the rite for praying for eows＇fertility. The first letter of old Greek α（alpha）,from hieroglyphics of Semitic,A,looks like a cow horn leaning to the left. This hieroglyphic letter,initiated in ancient totem worship times,is a symbol representing holiness. However,the original meaning of the letter gradually changes with the advancement of civilization,and goddess becomes subservient and inferior to God. As a result,Hera loses her superior position in the agricultural times. Fortunately,information about the goddess worship of the ancient times is still be found from Hera who is in charge of matrimony. This paper explores the various reasons contributing to the producing of myth about Hera,and accounts for the change of Hera＇s position from an independent goddess to spouse of god and goddess of matrimony.