湘南丘陵区农村居民点景观格局变化研究

Landscape Pattern Changes of Rural Residential Areas in Hilly Country of Southern Hunan

以湖南省郴州市北湖区为研究区,采用GIS技术、景观生态学原理和定量分析方法,研究了湘南丘陵区农村居民点用地总量、规模、空间形态、空间分布等景观格局变化特征,并对2004年和2009年2个时段不同海拔高度农村居民点景观格局动态变化进行了分析。结果表明:农村居民点在地形低缓处集聚;从2004年到2009年,北湖区农村居民点用地增加了168.7hm2;5年来丘陵区农村居民点平均规模增长了5.57%;在空间形态上,斑块分维数和形状指数2009年比2004年分别增加了0.031、0.189,农村居民点越来越破碎;在空间分布上,斑块间邻近距离不断缩短,平均最邻近距离缩短了13.29%,呈现出集中、连片分布的特点。

Based on GIS, the theory of landscape ecology, and the method of quantitative analysis, the landscape pattern changes of rural residential area were analyzed in Beihu District in Chenzhou City in the recent 5 years. Many landscape indices were calculated which expresses the rural settlements amount, the scale of the rural residential, spacial formation and spacial distribution, while analyzed the dynamic changes of the landscape pattern at different altitude rural residential. The results showed that rural residential areas generally gathered in gentle slope zone. The area of rural settlements increased by 189.27 hm2 in Beihu District from 2004 to 2009. The rural residential mean patch size (MPS) increased by 5.57% in hilly area of Beihu District within these 5 years. On the other hand, about spacial formation, the Patch fractal dimension and shape of the index increased respectively 0.031and 0.189 form 2004 to 2009, the patch of rural residential area was becoming smaller and smaller. For spatial distribution, the blocks neighbor distances became continuously short, the mean nearest neighbor distance(MNND) decreased by 13.29%, showing the characters of agglomerate distribution.