健康教育在小儿腹泻病家庭治疗管理中的效果评价

The Effect Evaluation of Health Education on Home Case Management of Diarrhea Disease in Children.

【目的】 了解健康教育干预在城区小儿腹泻病家庭治疗管理中的作用。【方法】 采用前瞻性调查研究，对干预组１１０ 例５ 岁以下腹泻患儿看护人进行腹泻病知识信息传播和治疗行为干预等健康教育，对照组仅接受常规治疗与咨询。干预前后采用自行设计的统一调查表，调查两组看护人的知识、态度、行为及腹泻再发率。【结果】 干预组经干预后看护人腹泻病知识合格率有不同程度提高，相关治疗行为也有不同程度改善，其中，腹泻后减少母乳喂养者由２６ ．５ ％ 降至２ ．９ ％ ，正确配制ＯＲＳ 者由６ ．９ ％ 升至８０ ．４ ％ ，戒口率由９５ ．１ ％ 降至５５ ．９ ％ ；腹泻病再发率干预组为６ ．８６ ％ ，对照组为１９ ．１６ ％ ，干预组明显低于对照组，差异有显著性意义。【结论】 城市腹泻病家庭治疗中存在的问题亟待解决，健康教育干预可明显改善腹泻病看护人的知识、态度、行为，并降低腹泻病再发率。

Objective To understand the role of health education interventionin in home case management of diarrhea disease for children in urban areas. Methods The prospective study was used.ln the intervention group,110 caretakers received training to improve their knowledge,attitude and practices in diarrhea disease by various methods.56 caretakers in the control group received non intervention.A kind of questionaire were designed to evaluate effectiveness of the intervention.Statistical evaluation was done with SPSS statistical software package in the computer. Results After intervention,caretake's knowledge for prevention and treatment of diarrhea have improved in various degrees in intervention group.Their pertinent therapy practices of diarrhea have improved too.The rate of reducing breast feeding decreased from 26.5% to 2.9%,The rate of correct ORS preparation increased from 6.9% to 80.4%.The rate of restricted diet decreased from 95.1% to 55.9%.The rate of diarrhea reoccurrence of the intervention group and the control group were 6.86% and 19.61%.The difference was statistically significant( P <0.05). Conclusion The problem of home case management of diarrhea disease are urgently need of being resolved in urban areas.Health education intervention can improved the knowledge,attitude and practices of caretakers by transmitting the new messages in treatment of diarrhea and can decreased the rate of reoccurrence of diarrhea diseasa.