陕北高原最高最低气温时空变化特征分析

Characteristic Analysis of Temporal-spatial Change Trends of Highest and Lowest Temperature of Past 50 Years in Plateau of Northern Shanxi

采用气候倾向率、趋势系数、普通克里格插值、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析等方法对陕北高原1960—2009年最高气温、最低气温的时空变化特征与突变特点进行分析。结果表明,近50年来陕北高原最高、最低气温均有明显增温趋势,分别为0.3℃/10a和0.32℃/l0a;最高、最低气温增温幅度存在季节差异,最高气温在春季增温幅度最大,最低气温在冬季增温幅度最大;最高、最低气温增温的地区差异也较显著,最高气温增温趋势从北向南呈间隔分布,最低气温增温趋势从西向东逐渐递减;最高、最低气温升温突变显著,分别为1994年和1993年;最低气温突变早于最高气温,说明最低气温比最高气温敏感。

Based on 7 meteorological statiom of monthly mean highest and lowest temperature data of 1960- 2009 in the plateau of northern Shanxi, characteristics of temporal - spatial changes of highest and lowest temperature over the last 50 years were analyzed by using such methods as climate tendency rate, trend coefficient, Kriging interpolation and Mann- Kendall abrupt change test. The results indicated that in the past 50 years, the highest and lowest temperature were respectively, increased with a tendency ration of 0.3 ℃/10a and 0.32℃/10a. The highest and lowest temperature showed the seasonal increase, such an increase was strong in winter than the other seasons, the highest and such an increase was strong in fall than the other seasons the lowest. The warming amplitude was obviously varying from area to area. A strong warming center of highest temperature was formed in the Fugu, Yulin and Yan＇an. On the other hand, for the lowest temperature, the highest trend coefficient was in the west of Yulin and Dingbian, whereas the lowest trend coefficient was in Huanglong and Stride.Both the highest and lowest temperature had quiet obvious abrupt change and the change time was earlier in winter than in other seasons.The abrupt change of lowest temperature occurred in 1993,wherea the abrupt change of the highest temperature occurred in 1994.