春季胶州湾海水汞的形态研究

Research on the Mercury Species in Jiaozhou Bay in Spring

于2010-04对胶州湾进行定点连续采样,采用现场和室内分离测定的方法,分析了海水中汞的形态及其日变化特征,以进一步认识汞在近海环境中的归宿和环境效应.结果表明,胶州湾表层海水中溶解态元素汞(DEM)浓度为97.5 pg.L-1(38.2～156 pg.L-1),最高值和最低值分别出现在13:00和17:30,主要受潮汐和光照的影响.DEM含量随深度的增加而下降,表层海水DEM主要来源于Hg(Ⅱ)的光致还原.活性汞(RHg)、溶解态汞(DHg)浓度分别为7.94 ng.L-1(4.39～19.3 ng.L-1)和13.9 ng.L-1(7.32～49.1 ng.L-1),均在13:00出现最大值,主要是受潮汐带来污染较重的海水的影响.活性汞和溶解态汞浓度随水深变化的趋势相似,受到光照和水温的影响,表层海水活性汞占溶解态汞的比例最大.海水中活性汞平均占溶解态汞的62%,具有相对较高的活性和生物可利用性,为DEM的形成提供了条件.甲基汞(MeHg)浓度较低,平均为0.30 ng.L-1,部分未检出.

In April 2010, seawater samples collected every twenty minutes in the Jiaozhou Bay were separated and determined in-situ and indoor to study mercury speciation and its daily variation and to further understand the end-result and effect of mercury on offshore environment. Results showed that dissolved element mercury （DEM） concentration of seawater ranged from 38.2 pg·L-1 to 156 pg·L-1, with an average value of 97.5 pg·L-1. The highest and the lowest value appeared at around 13：00 and 17：30 respectively under the influence of tide and light intensity. DEM concentration gradually declined with depth. DEM of surface sea primarily derived from photoreduction of bivalent mercury. Dissolved mercury （DHg） concentrations ranged from 7.32ng·L-1 to 49.1ng·L-1 （average value was 13.9 ng·L-1）, from 4.39 ng·L-1 to 19.3 ng·L-1 （average value was 7.94 ng·L-1） for dissolved reactive mercury （RHg）. The maximum peaks of DHg and RHg all appeared around 13：00, due to dirty seawater carried by tidal movement in the lowest tide. The variation trend with depth of RHg and DHg concentrations was similar at different time. Under the influence of the light and water temperature, the ratio of RHg to DHg was higher in the surface water. RHg accounted for 62% of DHg, so the mercury had relatively high activity and biological availability, and contributed to the form of DEM. The methylmercury concentration was low, with an average value of 0.30 ng·L-1, and some samples were lower than the detection limit.