“A为N所V”结构的功能及其渊源

Function and Origin of the Structure "A Wei(为) N Suo(所)V"

古代汉语中的"A为N所V"结构,既可是个判断结构,亦可是个被动结构;然而,二者并无渊源关系。二者的语法化既与"为"字虚化为判断动词和被动标记介词有关,也与"所"字虚化为泛义代词衍生出"所V"结构和虚化为焦点标记有关;判断动词"为"与"所V"结构组配生成了判断结构,被动标记介词"为"与焦点标记"所"组配生成了被动结构。

The Syntactic Structure ＂A Wei（为） N Suo（所） V＂ is a decision structure as well as a passive structure which hares no common origination. The two sentence patterns not only has a connection with Wei（为）, as a decision verb and a passive-marked preposition during its changing process, but also related to Suo（所）, changes as a general preposition and derived ＂Suo（所）V＂ structure. Therefore in conclusion, the decision verb Wei（为） and ＂Suo（所） V＂ forms a decision structure, while the passive-marked preposition Wei（为） and focus-marker Suo（所） makes a passive structure.