近代汉语中语气副词“到底”的后续演变

The Further Development of Daodi(到底) as a Mood Adverb in Pre-mordern Chinese

文章考察"究竟"义"到底"和"毕竟"义"到底"在近代汉语中的后续演变,即"‘究竟’义疑问语气副词>‘倒是’义祈使语气副词"和"‘毕竟’义评注副词>‘无论如何,好歹,反正’义委婉语气副词"。前一种演变遵循的路径是:追问>催答>催说>催做。涉及到的机制是认知上的视角转换和语用中的功能泛化,必须满足的条件是"究竟"义疑问语气副词"到底"可以游移出疑问句的辖域。后一种演变遵循的路径是:毕竟>无论如何>好歹,反正。涉及到的机制是组合同化或结构模板中的位置游移,以及聚合类推。"毕竟"义"到底"在它激活的结构模板"无论s,到底p,所以r"中,因受"无论s"的组合同化或向"无论s"所在空位而获得"无论如何"义,继而受到同表"无论如何"义的"好歹、反正"等正反叠结副词的聚合类推,从"无论如何"义引申出"好歹,反正"义。

This paper examines the further development in pre-modern Chinese ofDaodi（到底） meaning ＇ever, at all, on earth＇ and ＇after all＇, i.e： Daodi（到底） as an adverb strengthening interrogative mood 〉 Daodi（到底） as an adverb expressing imperative mood; Daodi（到底） as an evaluative adverb meaning ＇after all＇ 〉 Daodi（到底） as an adverb weakening blaming mood meaning ＇whether it or not, anyhow＇. The first development goes by the path of＂urge to answer 〉 urge to say 〉 urge to do＂, having perspective shift and functional expansion concerned, on the condition that Daodi（到底） meaning ＇ever, at all, on earth＇ can move out of the scope of interrogative sentence. The second development goes by the path of ＂after all 〉 whether it or not, no matter wh- 〉 anyhow, anyway＂, having the combinational assimilation/syntactic movement and paradigmatic analogy concerned. That is, Daodi（到底） meaning ＇after all＇, in the syntactic-semantic frame ＂Wulun（到底）＇s, Daodi（到底） p, Suoyi（到底） r,＂ that it triggers, receives the combinational assimilation of ＂Wulun（到底） s＂, or moves to the slot of ＂Wulun（到底） s＂, which makes it have the meaning ＇whether it or not, no matter wh-＇. Then, it changes form mood adverb meaning ＇whether it or not, no matter wh-＇ to adverb mood meaning ＇anyhow, anyway＇, under the paradigmatic analogy of its synonyms Haodai（到底）, Fanzheng（到底）.