论跨国公司环境侵权的法律调整路径

Legal Regulation Path of Environment Tort in Multinational Corporations

跨国公司在当今世界经济活动中扮演着重要角色,也带来了大量的环境问题。追求全球范围内的利润最大化是其环境侵权的最主要原因。跨国公司环境侵权责任最初是被置于国家责任框架下进行探讨的,然而,要求国家对本国私法主体的环境损害行为承担国家责任,往往难以为各国接受,国际环境责任出现了由国家责任向民事侵权责任转变的趋势。调整国际环境侵权责任的统一实体法条约覆盖领域十分有限,侵权行为地法在解决国际环境损害赔偿纠纷中依然占有非常重要的地位。侵权的一般规则不足以调整特殊侵权,应制定环境侵权的特殊规则。法院在选择法律时应选择对受害人有利的法律。

Multinational corporations play important roles and bring more environmental problems in world economic activities. The main reasons are to pursue world-wlde profit maximization. The environment tort responsibility involving multinational corporations is first discussed under national responsibility, while it is very difficult for the countries to take the responsibility of environmental damages that their private enterprises cause, hence, international environmental responsibility tends to be civil tort one. However, because the real united provisions can not cover all international environment tort responsibility, the local law on tort behaviors is more important to solve compensation dispute on international environment damage. But special regulations on environment tort are needed because universal regulations can not settle the special tort, and the court should choose the law favorable to victims.