硫酸铵-溴化钾铵-正丙醇体系萃取分离和富集锗的研究

Study on extraction separation and enrichment of germanium in ammonia sulfate-potassium bromide-n-propyl alcohol system

研究了硫酸铵-溴化钾铵-正丙醇体系萃取分离和富集锗的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。硫酸铵能使正丙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,Ge4+与KBr生成(GeBr62-),并与质子化正丙醇(C3H7OH2+)形成缔合物[GeBr62-][C3H7OH2+]2,此缔合物能被正丙醇相完全萃取。当正丙醇、KBr和硫酸铵的浓度分别为30%(V/V)、7.0×10-3 mol/L、0.20 g/mL时,(GeBr62-)的萃取率达到97.7%以上,而Ni2+,Pb2+,Cr3+,Co2+,Fe3+,Al3+,Mg2+,Ag+,Bi3+,Cu2+,W(Ⅵ)和V(Ⅴ)基本不被萃取,实现了Ge4+与上述金属离子的分离。

The behavior and conditions of extraction separation and concentration of germanium from other metal ions in ammonia sulfate-potassium bromide-n-propyl alcohol system were studied.The results showed that the n-propyl alcohol-water solution could be well divided into two phases by the action of ammonia sulfate.The associated complex [GeBr62-][C3H7OH2＋]2 formed with C3H7OH2＋ and GeBr62-combined by Ge4＋ and potassium bromide could be completely extracted during this process.Ge4＋ could be quantiatively separated from Ni2＋,Pb2＋,Cr3＋,Co2＋,Fe3＋,Al3＋,Mg2＋,Ag＋,Bi3＋,Cu2＋,W（Ⅵ） and V（Ⅴ） by the extraction process.The value of extraction efficiency of Ge4＋ can reach 97.7% when the concentration of n-propyl alcohol is 30%（V/V）,the potassium bromide is 7.0×10-3mol/L,and the ammonia sulfate in solution is 0.20 g/mL.