185例寒冷性荨麻疹临床特征及三冷实验结果分析

Clinical features of cold urticaria and experimental results of cold agglutinin,cryoglobulin and cryofibrinogen:Analysis of 185 cases

目的探讨寒冷性荨麻疹(cold urticaria,CU)的临床特征,增强对CU的认识。方法采用频数分布法和集中度法分析185例不同年龄段CU患者的临床和三冷实验资料。结果 185例患者男女比例为1∶1.85;高发年龄段为31～40岁,未表现出明显季节集中趋势;55.68%的患者冷凝集素、冷球蛋白或冷纤维蛋白阳性,且存在三种异常免疫蛋白同时存在的现象,冷凝集素(滴度≥1∶32)阳性率高达21.62%,其余次之。结论 CU作为一种冷刺激所诱发的荨麻疹,有其独特的临床特点,在临床诊断中应引起重视。

Objective To study the Clinical feature of cold urticaria （CU） in order to know more about it. Methods The clinical and experimental data （cold agglutinin, cryoglobulin and cryofibrinogen） of 185 CU patients were analyzed by frequency distribution method and central tendency method. Results The sex ratio （ male ： female） in the 185 cases of CU was 1 ： 1.85. The high risk age ranged from 31 to 40 years old. There was no significant central tendency in season. Cold agglutinin, cryoglobulin and cryofibrinogen were positive in blood samples of 56.22% of the patients. Besides, three abnormal immune proteins coexisted sometimes. The positive rate of cold agglutinin was 47.03% ,which was the highest among the above three. Conclusions The incidence of CU is significantly different among patients in different ages and sexes. The use of multiple detection methods is helpful in accurate diagnosis. Urticaria evoked by CU has distinct clinical feature,which should be highly regarded in clinical practice.