生产建设项目水土保持设计理念与原则

Design concept and principles of soil and water conservation for production and construction projects

生产建设项目水土保持设计理念是水土保持设计的主导思想,也是主体工程设计思想的重要组成部分。在对近10年来我国不同工程类型生产建设项目独具特色的水土保持设计方案及其实施后效果调研的基础上,总结提出水土保持设计理念的内涵与外延,指出水土保持设计理念核心是最大限度地保护生态、控制扰动范围、减少植被破坏和水土流失、快速有效修复生态系统,并在更高层次上达到工程、生态、景观的协调,达到人与工程、人与自然和谐。在这一设计理念的指导下,提出生产建设项目设计的5项基本原则:1)落实责任,明确目标;2)预防为主,保护优先;3)综合治理,因地制宜;4)综合利用,经济合理;5)生态优先,景观协调。

Design concept of soil and water conservation for production and construction projects is one of dominant ideas in the field of soil and water conservation,in addition,it is also the important component of design concept of main work.On the basis of studying different types of design schemes of production and construction projects completed in the last 10 years as well as the implementation effects,the connotation and denotation of the design concept was summarized.To achieve the harmonious coexistence between projects with ecology and landscape at a higher level,there are four parts of the core concept.The first is to protect ecosystem,and the second is to control disturbance range,and the third is to reduce vegetation destruction and soil and water losses,and the fourth is to restore ecosystem effectively and fast.Under the guidance of the design concept,this study raised five basic principles of designing production and construction projects.1） all-round implementation of controlling measures of soil and water loss according to set the aim in extent of legal liability.2） Stress should be put on the prevention measures and give priority to taking protective measures for soil and water.3） Taking different comprehensive treatment of controlling soil and water loss in line with local conditions.4） Taking proper measures of controlling soil and water loss in during of process in technical and economic appraisal,and the comprehensive utilization for abandoned soil and rock in the procedure of production and construction.5） The giving priority to taking ecological measures for controlling soil and water loss,the disturbed area of production and construction has changed into harmonious and graceful landscape.