湘赣柑橘园气候环境障碍因子及其防改措施

Climate Limiting Factors and Their Control Measures on Cirtus Planting Hunan and Jiangxi Province

柑橘园气候环境障碍因子主要是低温冻害、寒风危害和高温干旱危害 ,本文对其低温冻害、寒风危害和高温干旱危害的机制及表现进行了阐述。在预防改进方面 ,对新建果园首先要做到选择有利环境建园 ,包括利用水域环境资源和利用地形小气候资源 ,其次是品种的选择 ,在建园后要注意做到幼年柑橘园生态环境的保护和改善以及营造柑橘园防护林带 ;对已建成的现有柑橘园则要注意改善柑橘园的土壤环境 ,即深翻改土、熟化土壤和土壤覆盖 ,土壤覆盖可调节土壤温度、土壤含水量及影响土壤理化性状 ,最终影响柑橘树体营养水平及生长发育 ,还要注意实现科学的管理技术措施 ,从施肥、灌溉、病虫防治、修剪几个方面入手 ,达到抵御不良气候环境因子的目的。

The main climate limiting factors for Cirtus planting in Yangtze valley are extremely low temperature & freezing, cold wind and drought with high temperature. The damage and destroying mechanism of these factors are analyzed in this paper. Regarding the damages decreasing of newly Cirtus garden, the first is to choose good planting environment, mainly including water environment resources and superior climate resource with good relief surroundings; The second is to choose proper varities of Cirtus tree. Regarding the old Cirtus garden, the emphasis is to improve its soil environment, namely to plow deeply, to cover soil and to make soil easy to cultivate. Soil covering can adjust soil temperature, moisture and chemphysics characteristics, which can affect the nutrient balance and growth of Cirtus trees. In addition, the rational management such as fertilizing, irrigating, disease and insect harm prevention is also important for decreasing the damage of climate limiting factors.