交通运输成本的内涵与分析要点研究

Research on Transportation Cost Concept and Analysis Key Points

随着城市交通系统的多元化发展,需要合理制定交通战略和政策,有效配置交通设施空间和政府公共资源,而交通运输成本是交通战略制定和政策研究的理论依据。国内外学者就交通运输成本研究已获得了一定成果,但由于交通运输系统影响范围广、交通运输成本构成复杂,既有研究对交通系统成本的定义却存在差别甚至概念的混淆。在总结既有研究成果的基础上,梳理交通运输成本的内涵与构成,其中内部成本包括使用者成本、运输供应成本、基础设施供应成本,外部成本包括交通事故成本、交通拥挤成本、噪声污染成本、空气污染成本,并就成本内容的重复计算和忽略等量化分析要点进行了探讨,为交通运输成本的分析研究建立了一致有效的理论基础和应用框架。

With the multimodal development of urban transport system, it is important to set up transport strategy and policy to reasonably use the limited facility space and public resource, which depends on the transport cost analysis. Since transport systems have broad influences, the composition of transport cost is quite complicated. The exiting definitions of transport cost are different or confusing. Based on the exiting research, the definition and compositions of transport cost are analyzed. The internal cost is composed of user cost, transportation service cost, infrastructure cost. The external cost is composed of traffic incidents cost, congestion cost, noise pollution cost and air pollution cost. The analysis points of repeat and missing calculation are discussed. A theory base and application structure are set up for transportation cost research.