日本古代修史与《古事记》、《日本书纪》

The Compilation of Japanese History and Records of Ancient Matters and Chronicles of Japan

日本古代修史是在强化中央权力,以及为政权树立合法性和正统性的要求下应运而生的。从履中王到推古王,几度修史均告挫折,直至天武王"壬申之乱"后,为粉饰其政权的合法性而把修史作为国家事业来抓,终于在八世纪前叶修成《古事记》和《日本书纪》。天武朝以来的修史事业,一方面是编纂朝廷的标准史书,另一方面则是删改氏族拥有的历史记载。其修史的蓝本及其史学思想,深受汉唐史学的影响,在此基础上形成以天皇为中心的国家史风格,以传附纪,而有别于中国正史的体例。因此,《日本书纪》并不是一部未完成的史书,虽然有许多不成熟之处,却成为日本后来修史的范式,保存多个版本,史料来源颇为复杂,需要从史源和版本等角度进行整理研究。

The compilation of Japanese history came from the needs of strengthening the central power and legalizing the regime. The two books Records of Ancient Matters and Chronicles of Japan were compiled in the 8th century B.C.,the historical ideology of which was under the influence of historiography of Han and Tang dynasties of China. Tough Chronicles of Japan is not an uncompleted History Book and is immature in many aspects;it became the paradigm of later completion of History Books of Japan and has lots of versions. We need to do study its sources and versions while doing relevant researches.