“小农”概念辨析——兼论我国现行小农经济的弊端与改革取向

An Analysis on the Concept of "Small Farmer":Discussion of Disadvantages of Present Small Farmer Economy in China and its Reform Orientation

目前学术界对"小农"一词尚未给出一个规范的标准定义,不同学科的研究者所用"小农"概念大相径庭,普遍存在着内涵不清、外延不明、生硬移植、论旨转移的问题。科学界定"小农"范畴的最大难点在于小农主体构成的历史多样性和过渡形态、小农单元合成规模的复杂性和变动性、小农家庭"最低生存水准"的不确定性。从理论上澄清对"小农"概念的各种片面认识和错误解读,不仅关涉中国当下的小农经济是否需要改造以及如何进行改造的问题,而且涉及下一步农村改革方向和目标选择的问题,具有重大的现实意义。

Presently, there has not been a normal definition of ＂small farmer＂ in the academic circle, and there has been a similarity for the researchers of different disciplines to use the concept of ＂small farmer＂, including the issues of obscurity in its connotation and denotation, blunt trans- planting and purpose transfer. The biggest difficulty in making a scientific definition of the scope of ＂small farmer＂ lies in the historical diversity and transitional form of main body structure, complex- ity and alternativeness of unit synthesis scale, and the uncertainty of ＂lowest survival standard＂ of small farmer family. Correcting the unilateral knowledge and mistaken understanding of the concept of ＂small farmer＂ in a theoretical way is of a practical significance not only for whether the present small farmer can he changed and how to be changed, but also for the reform orientation and aim choice of small farmer economy.