生态脆弱矿区土地利用动态变化研究——以平朔矿区为例

Study on Dynamic Change of Land Use in Ecological Fragile Mining Area——A Case Study of Pingshuo Mining Area

基于平朔矿区1987年、1996年和2005年三期的TM影像,从土地利用数量变化模型、土地利用程度变化模型对矿区土地利用动态变化情况进行了分析。研究表明:(1)生态脆弱的平朔矿区自1987年以来耕地、林地面积呈减少趋势,而变化幅度最大的是已破坏待复垦地和已破坏复垦地,这主要是因为矿区生产建设占用了大量的耕地与林地,从而造成了许多待复垦地,同时由于受矿区土地复垦工程的影响,矿区内复垦地呈上升趋势;但是目前复垦后土地利用主要以林草地为主,所以无法拉动耕地面积的增长。(2)矿区土地利用程度综合指数显示上升态势,且土地利用程度变化率大于0,表明平朔矿区土地利用处于发展期。今后应加大对矿区的生态重建工作与土地复垦进程,保证矿区耕地平衡,促进矿区生态系统、经济系统和社会系统协调发展。

Based on TM images for 1987,1996 and 2005 in Pingshuo Mine,the mining land use change was analyzed in terms of the quantity change model and the degree change model of land use.The results showed that： the arable land and the forest land had a decreasing trend in ecologically fragile area in Pingshuo Mine since 1987,the biggest change was that the destroyed land would be reclaimed and the destroyed land had been reclaimed,which was mainly due to a lot of arable land used by mining production and construction and forest land,and caused many lands to be reclaimed.At the same time,due to land reclamation works,the reclamation land of the mining area showed increase trend.However,the current land use types after reclamation are grassland and forest land,so it can not stimulate the increase of arable area.Secondly,the mining land use degree index showed increase trend,and the rate of land use change was greater than 0.It showed that the mining land use in Pingshuo is in the development period.In the future,the ecological reconstruction of mining and land reclamation process should be enhanced to ensure the harmony and development of ecological system,economic system and the social systems in mining area.